WATCH LIVE: Intuitive Machines attempts to land probe near lunar south pole

Intuitive Machines, a space business based in Houston, is attempting its second-ever landing on the surface of the moon.

Sometime close to 12:30 p.m. EST, the company’s Athena lander is expected to touch down at Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain around 100 miles from the moon’s south pole.

The solar-powered probe is a little over 15 feet tall, which according to the company is “roughly the height of a shorter adult giraffe.” On board is a drill built by NASA that will drill about three feet below the lunar surface to check for volatile compounds, including water.

Some craters near the south pole of the moon are in permanent shadow, and researchers believe there might be water ice hidden beneath the surface. That water would be essential for any future moon base, which would use it for drinking and as rocket fuel. Multiple nations are vying to be the first to the lunar south pole and lay claim to some of the water, if its there.

The Athena probe is designed to stay put once it lands, but it’s carrying a number of little rovers that will take a look around. One, called Grace, will hop across the lunar surface using a small rocket engine. Another small rover will attempt to drive autonomously around the lunar surface. Japan’s Dymon Corporation has also included a tiny roly-poly little device called YAOKI, that will snap a few pictures.

Landing on the moon is difficult. Because it has no atmosphere, landers can’t depend on parachutes or other passive equipment to slow their descent. On top of that, the distance from the moon to the earth makes human control impossible, so robotic probes must touch down autonomously. That means the probe must fire rocket engines in a precise sequence to steer its way past rocks, craters and other obstacles, in order to find a perfect landing site.

Adding to the difficulty is that commercial missions frequently operate on a lower budget in exchange for a higher risk of failure. That danger was apparent yesterday, when NASA said it had lost contact with another mission called Lunar Trailblazer that was sharing a ride with Athena to the moon.

Last year, Intuitive Machines became the first commercial mission to touch down on the lunar surface, but it wasn’t a complete success. The probe misjudged its rate of descent and hit the moon hard, snapping a leg and tipping onto its side.

The Intuitive Machines landing attempt comes less than a week after another company, Firefly Aerospace, made its first-ever successful landing on the lunar surface. Both missions are part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative, which is seeking to harness private industry to explore the moon.